Arab Ka Jughrafiyai Pas e Manzar

Arab Ki Waja Tasmiyah

Arab ki waja tasmiyah k mutaliq mukhtalif raye hain.

•         Ahl e lughat bataty hain k arab aur araab k maini fasahat aur zabaan aawri k hain. Chu k ahle arab apni zabaan aawri k samney duniya ki digar zubanon ko kamtar samajhty the is liye inhon ne apney aap ko “Arab” aur duniya ki tamam qoamon ko ajam keh kar pukara.

•         Baaz ki raye ye hey k arab asal mein arbata tha. Qadeem ashaar mein arab ki bajaye arbata aaya hey. Arab k maini saami zubanon mein dasht aur sehra k hain. Chu k arab ka bara hissa dasht-o-sehra hey is liye tamam mulk ko arab kehny lagy.

Zameen Ki Naaf:

Jughrafiyai aitbaar se arab aik jazeera numa hey. Jisky teen aitraaf pani hey aur aik taraf khuski hey. Maghrib mein beheriya qulzum aa banaye sowez aur beheriya roam hain. Mashriq mein khaleej faris aur beher amaan hain. Junoob mein beher hind hey aur shumaal mein Iraq aur Shaam hain.

Arab mehal-o-waqo k aitbaar se duniya k wast mein waqia hey. Barr-e-aazam europ, Barr-e-aazam Africa aur Barr-e-aazam asia k fasly yahan se barabar hain isi waja se makka ko naaf zameen kaha jata hey.

Tabbai Halat:

Arab mein koi dariya nahi hey. Paharon mein chasmey jari rehty hain ye chasmey pheel kar thori daur tak masnoi dariya ban jaty hain phir registaan mein jazb ho jaty hain ya samandaron mein gir jaty hain. Arab mein kuch wadiyan bhi hain. Arab k wo hissa jo sahil-e-samandar k qareeb hey sar sabz-o-shadaab aur zarkhez hey. Arab mein soony aur chandi ki kaanen bakasrat hain. Quraish ki tijarat ka dar-o-madaar chandni ki tijarat par tha. Petrol bakasrat hey jis ne saudia arab ko duniya ka ameer tareen mulk bana diya hey.

Aab-O-Hawa:

Mehl-o-waqo k aitbaar se har muqaam ki aab-o-hawa mukhtalif hey lekin umooman “ garam khushk” hey. Arab ka shumaar duniya k garam-o-khushk tareen mumalik mein hota hey. Garmi itni shaded hoti hey k baaz ukaat bardasht se bahir ho jati hey. Barish bohat kam hoti hey. Barsaat k mausam mein khabhi kabhaar barish hoti hey. Barish na hony ki waja se faslen kam hoti hain. Zyada tar ghizai ajnaas bahir k mumalik se aati hain. Yahan ka mashoor phal khajoor hey.

Arab Ki Ilaaqai Taqseem:

Ilaaqai lehaaz se arab ko panch hisso mein taqseem kiya ja sakta hey.

•         Hajaaz     2. Najad       3.Yaman      4.Tahama    5.Al-Arooz

•         Hajaaz….arab ka sab se bara sooba hey. Is ka kul ruqba derh laakh murabba mile hey. Hajaaz mein aksar hissa registaan aur sehra par mushtamil hey. Is k mashoor shehar Makka Muzama, Madina Munawara aur Taif hain.

•         Najad…..is k maini buland k hain. Ye sooba arab k darmiyan mein waqia hey. Yahan pahar aur wadiyon ka silsila hey. Ye sooba tail k chasmon ki waja se mashoor hey. Riyaaz is ka sadar muqaam hey.

•            Yaman….is sooba ka kul ruqba pichattar hazaar murabba mile hey. Ye sooba sar sabz-o-shadaab hey. Is ilaqa mein gandum jo aur bajara paida hota hey.

•            Tahama….Tahama k maini saheli ilaqa k hain ye Hajaaz k junoob mein waqia hey. Nashebi ilaqa hey. Ye ilaqa medanon aur paharon par mushtamil hey. Is ki waja tasmia garmi ki intihai shiddat hey.

•            Al-Arooz…. Ye ilaqa Yamama, Amaan aur Behreen par mushtamil hey.

Yamama… Najad aur Yaman k darmiyani ilaqa ko Yamama kehty hain.

Amaan… ye sooba arab k mashriq mein hey. Is ka ruqba biyasi hazaar kilo metre hey. Yahan ki khas pedawaar khajoor hey is ka sadar muqaam Masqat hey.

Behreen…. Behreen ko Al-Ahsa bhi kehty hain. Ye Amaan aur Khaleej faris k darmiyan waqia hey. Is k baaz hisson mein nehron se aab pasha hoti hey. Kahin kahin chuny ka pathar bhi milta hey dehraan mein tail k chasmy hain.

Arab Qabail:

Arab mein qabail nizaam raij tha. Har qabeely ka aik sardaar hota tha jo sheikh kehlata tha. Qabeely k log sardaar ka chunao karty the. Qabaili tassub bohat zyada tha. In qabaili mein zara zara si baat par jhagra ho jata tha aur jang ki surat ikhtiyaar kar lety tha. Agar do qabeelon mein larai shuro ho jati to wo kai naslon tak jari rehti thi. Isi tarha aik dafa ghory dorany par Bano Abas aur Bano Zabiyaan k darmiyaan jhagra howa. Dono qabeely kai barson taka pas mein larty rahe.

Arab k do bary qabeely the:

1. Qabeela Adnan             2. Qabeela Qehtaan

Qabeela Adnan:

Ye qabeela Hazrat Ismail a.s ki ulaad mein se tha. In k mashoor sardaar ka naam mizir tha. Isi nisbat se ye mizarmi bhi kehlaty hain. In k digar qabail, bani bakar, bani qais, bani tameem, bani taghlab aur bano quraish waghera hain. In tamam qabail mein qabeela quraish Khany Kaba ka matwali hony ki bina par sab se zyada mauziz samjha jata tha. Huzoor Aleh Slato Wasalam ka talluq bhi isi qabeely se hey.

Qabeela Qehtaan:

Ye log Qehtaan ki ulaad mein se the. In ka asli watan Yaman tha. Isi nisbat se Yaman kehlaye. Ye Adnani arbon ki nisbat matmadan the. In ki saltanaten ghasaan aur heerah thien. Is khandaan mein aik mashoor badshah tha. Jisy shurkh libaas pehanny ki waja se “ Hameer” k naam se musoom kiya jata tha. Isi waja se qabeela Bani Qehtaan Hameeri bhi khelaye, in ka qabeela Bano Khaza makka mein abaad tha. Isi tarha madina munawara mein oos aur khasraj bhi isi qabeela se the. 

 

Ahl-E-Arab Ki Khosusiyaat:

Arbon ki sakhawat mashoor hey. Agr kehat saali k aiyaam mein bhi in k paas mehmaan aa jaty to apni sawari ka janwar zibah kar dety. Jo shakhs in ki panah mein aa jata is ki puri hifazat karty. Bahadur aur zaheen the. Agarchey  wo likhney parhney se aari the lekin apni yaadasht k bal boty par inhon ne apni jangon aur digar ahem waqiyaat ki tafsilaat ko mehfooz rakha. Wo sirf apney silsila nasb se hi puri tarha ba khabar na the balkey apney ghoron k naam aur in k nasb namon ko bhi puri tarha janty the. Arbon ki danishmandi duniya mein mashoor thi.

Sher-o-shairi se in ko khaas dilchaspi thi. Ye shairon ki bari tazeem karty the aur har qabeela apney shair par fakhar karta tha. Ikaaz k milon mein shair apna kalaam sunaya karty the. In ki shairi k khaas mozoaat buzurgon ki tareef, ishq o muhabbat aur jangon mein bahaduri k karnamy hoty the.