TASAWWUF AUR MAKARAM E AKHLAAQ

Sufi Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki seerat e tayyabah ka namunah hota hai is ke andar seerat e motehrah ki jhalak nazar aati hai. Woh gussa nahin karta, affu wa darguzar se kaam leta hai. Is ke dil main har chhote bare ka ahtraam hota hai. Dusro’n ke kaam aata hai, e’faaye ahead main pur uzam aur pukhta hota hai.Har Akhlaaq buraai se khud ko mehfooz rakhne ki koshish karta hai aur har achi baat par dil jamai se ammal karta hai aur dusro’n ko ammal karne ki talqeen karta hai. Kisi par ta’n o tashna nahin karta aur na kisi ko bad’dua deta hai. Harkas wa na’kas ke sath khush ho kar milta hai. Akhlaaq , murawat is ki shanakht ban jaati hai.

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ka irshaad hai: “ Khush akhlaaqi Allah Ta’lah ka Khulaq azeem hai.”

Akhlaaq Husna:

           Akhlaaq wohi acha hai jis main sifaat rabaani ka aks ho. Kuch sifaat aisi hain jin main insaan barbari nahin kar sakta maslan Allah waahad hai aur makhlooq kasrat hai, Allah khaaliq hai makhlooq, makhloo hai. Kubariyaai aur baraai sirf Allah ke liye makhsoos hai, Bande ka kamaal yeh hai keh is main kubariyaai ke muaqqable main khaaksaari aur tuwaaza ho. Qaadir matlaq Allah ki sifaat main banda farotani mehsoos kare. Khush Akhlaaq ho kiyun keh islaam ne insaan ki ruhaani takmeel ka zariya akhlaaq ko qaraaar diya hai. Sifaat ilahiya ke anwaar se bandah bashar jis had tak qareeb hota hai is ki ruhaani taraqi hoti rehti hai.

(Seerat ul nabi 6)

            Duniya main akhlaaq ke bare bare mu’a’lam peda hue hain aur sab ne akhlaqiyaat par amal karne ki da’wat di hai.

Tam’maam mazaa’hab ki buniyad bhi akhlaq husna par rakhi gayi hai. Duniya main aik laakh chobees hazaar peghambar tashreef laaye sab ne is baat ka aa’dah kiya keh sach bolna acha amal hai. Aur jhoot bolna buraai hai. Insaaf bhalaai hai aur zulam baddi hai, kheraat neki hai aur chori jurm hai. Dusre ke kaam aana aisi aadat hai jo Allah ke liye pasandeedah hai aur haq talfi karna Allah ke nazdeek napasandeedah amal hai.

Faza’il Akhlaaq:

            Nabuwat ka silsilah Hazrat  Aadam Aleh Aslaam se shuru hua aur Rasalat nabuwat ka iktitaam Hazoor Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam par ho gaya. Aasmaani kitabo’n aur sahaaif main is baat ko musalsal duh’raya jata raha hai keh aik kher ul bashar aaye ga aur aasmaani aloom ke mutaabiq takmeel deen ka aelaan kare ga. Hazrat  Esa aleh Aslaam ke baad Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam tashreef laaye. Muhammad Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam , Allah ke farastadah Aakhari nabi hain. Rasool allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ke oopar deen ki takmeel hui aur Allah Ta’lah ne khush ho kar apni ne’matein puri farma den.

            Aap Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne farmaya:

            “Main Husn e akhlaaq ki takmeel ke liye bheja gaya hoon”

            Aap Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne yeh bhi farmaya keh:

            “Main is liye bheja gaya hoon keh akhlaaq husna ki takmeel ho jaaye.”

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne basat nabwi se pehle hi is farz ko anjaam dena shuru kar diya tha.

            Abu Zar Razi Allah Ta’lah Anho ne apne bhai ko Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ke halaat aur ta’leemaat ki tehqeeq ke liye makah bheja tha. Unho’n ne wapas aa kar apne bhai ko bataya:

“Main ne dekha keh Aap Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam logo’n ko akhlaaq husna ki ta’leem dete hain.”

            Najashi ne jab musalmano’n ko bula kar islam ke baare main tehqeeq ki to Hazrat  Ja’far Tayyar Razi Allah Ta’lah Anho ne kaha:

            “Ae baadsha! Ham log aik jaahil qom the buto’n ko pooj’te the, murdaar khaate the, bad’kaariyaan karte the, parosiyo’n ko tan wa pareshan karte the aur bhai bhai par zulam karta tha, zabardast zer dasto’n ko gulaam bana lete the, in halaat main aik shkahs ham main peda hua….. Is ne hamein sikhaya keh ham path’ro’n ki parastish chhor den, sach bolen, khoonreziyo’n se baaz aa jaayin , yateemo’n ka maal na khayin.Hamsaiyo’n se acha salook Karen, za’eef aurto’n par badnaami ka daag na lagaayin.”

            Isi tarah qesar room ke darbaar main abu sufiyan ne jo abhi musalmaan nahin hue the Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki islaahi da’wat ka jo mukhtasar khaakah biyaan kiya aur is main yeh tasleem kiya keh Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam khuda ki toheed aur ebadat ke sath logo’n ke sikhaate hain keh paak daamini ikhtiyara Karen. Sach bolen aur qaraabat daaro’n ka haq ada Karen.

            Allah Ta’lah ne Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki ta’reef main kaha:

            “Yeh peghambar jaahil aur an’parh logo’n ko paak o saaf karta hai aur in ko hikmat sikhata hai”

            Is Ayat main do lafz bohat ziyadah tafakur talab hain:

Tazkiyah        2)   Hikmat

Tazkiya ke lafzi ma’ini hain…..paak saaf karna, nikhaarna…!

Quran paak key eh alfaaz batate hain keh nafs insaani ko har qisam ki jijasato’n aur aaloodgiyo’n se paak kar ke saaf suthra kiya jaye.

Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

“Bilashuba jis ne apne nafs ko saaf suthra banaya woh kaamiyaab hua jis ne isse matti main milaya woh nakaam raha.  (Surah Shams: Ayat: 9 ta 10)

“Woh jeeta jis ne apne aap ko paak saaf kiya aur namaaz parhi.”  (Surat aa’la: Ayat: 14 ta 15)

“Peghambar (Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam) ne tiyuri chirhaai aur moonh mora, keh is ke paas andha aaye…. Aur tujhe kiya khabar hai shayad woh sanwar jata to tera samjhana is ke kaam aata.”

(Surat Abas: Ayat 1 ta 4)

In Ayaat main tazkiya ka mafhoom waazeh hai jise peghambar islam Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki khsusiyaat qaraar diya hai. Yeh mafhoom bhi nikalta hai keh Muhammad Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki nabuwat o rasalt ka sab se bara mansab yeh tha keh woh insaani nafoos ko buraaiyo’n , nijasato’n aur aaloodgiyo’n se paak kare aur in ke akhlaaq o am’maal ko durust aur saaf suthra banaye.

Hikmat ka lafz noor ki surat main nabi Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ko wadiyat kiya gaya hai. Jis ke aasaar o mazaahir Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki zuban se sunan o ahkaam ki surat main zaahir hue hain.

Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

            “Aur ham ne luqmaan ko hikmat ki baatein batayin keh khuda ka shukar ada Karen.” (Surat Luqman: Ayat :12)

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki shariyat main akhlaaq ke martabe ko hikmat ke lafz se ta’beer kiya gaya hai. Islam main ebadaat aur dusre ahkam ko jo hesiyat haasil hai, akhlaaq ko bhi itni ahmiyat haasil hai.

Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

Ae emaan walo! Rakoo karo, sajdah karo apne Rabb ko poojo aur neki karo ta keh tum falah paao.”

(Surat ul Hajj : Ayat 10)

Ebadaat Ka Kirdaar:

            “Haqooq ul ebaad insaano’n main bah’hami mua’milaat aur ta’luqaat ka naam hai. Allah Ta’lah Reh’man o Raheem hai. Is ki rehmat ka darwazah kisi nek o bad bande par band nahin hota. Shirk o kufar ke siwa har gunah qaabil e muaafi hai. Magar haqooq ul ebaad , akhlaaq faraaiz ki kohtaai aur taqseer ki muaafi Allah Ta’lah ne in bando’n ke haath main rakhi hai jin ke saath yeh zulam hua hai.

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne farmaya:

            “Jis bhai ne kisi dusre bhai par zulam kiya to zaalim bhai ko chahiye keh woh is duniya main zulam ko muaaf kaa le warnah yom e hisaab main ta’waan ada karne ke liye kisi ke paas koi darham o deenaar nahin hoga. Sirf amaal hoon ge , zaalim ki nekiyan mazloom ko mil jayin gi aur mazloom ke amaal main likh di jayin gi.”

Chaar Satoon:

            Be samajh waa’zon aur ibn ul waqt mazhabi daanish’waro’n ki ghalat biyaani se yeh ghalat fehmi peda ho gayi keh islam ki buniyaad sirf toheed, namaaz, rozah, hajj aur zakat par qaaim hai. Is baat se yeh taa’sir milta hai keh paanch satoono’n par khari hui islaam ki is emaarat main akhlaaq husna ki koi jagah nahin hai. Ha’laan keh namaaz , roza hajj aur zakat ke faraaiz aur ebaadaat se akhlaaq husna ki hi takmeel hoti hai.

            Quran hakeem batata hai keh namaaz ka faidah yeh hai keh woh buri baato’n se rokti hai. Rozah taqwa ki ta’leem deta hai. Zakat sar ta pa insaani hamdad=rdi aur gham khawaari ka daras hai. Aur hajj mukhtalif tareeqo’n se hamari akhlaaqi islaah aur taraqi ka zariyah hai. Islaam ke in chaar arkan ke naam alag alag hain magar in ka buniyadi maqsad akhlaaqi ta’leem hai. Agar in ebadaat se ruhaani aur akhlaaqi samar haasil na ho to samajh lena chahiye ke ahkaam ilahi ki haqeeqi ta’meel nahin hui.

            Yeh ebadaat aisa darakht hain jis main phal nahin aata, aise phool hain jis main khushbu nahin hai, yeh amaal aise qaalib hain jis main rooh nahin hai.

            Ahya ul aloom main imam ghazali (R.A) likhte hain:

            “Aur Allah fermata hai mere liye namaaz qaaim main karo. Bhoolne walo’n main na ho jao. Nashah ki haalat main is waqt tak namaz na parho jab tak tum yeh na samjho keh tum kiya kahe rahe ho.”

            Sawaal yeh hai keh kitne hi namazi aise hain keh jo sharaab nahin peete magar jab woh namaaz parhte hain to nahin jaante keh woh kiya parh rahe hain. In ke saamne muaani aur mafhoom nahin hote. In ka dil namaaz main nahin hota. Waswaso’n ka iak tufaan unhein ghere rehta hai.

            Aasmaani kitaabo’n main Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

            “keh main har aadimi ki namaaz qabool nahin karta. Main is ki namaaz qabool karta hoon jo meri baraai karta hai aur bando’n par apni baraai nahin jatata aur bhooke muhtaaj ko mere liye khana khilata hai.”

Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ka irshaad hai:

            “Ji ski namaaz is ko buraai aur badi se na roke aisi namaaz is ko Allah se door kar deti hai.”

            Aap Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne farmaya:

            “Rozah rakh kar jo shakhs jhoot aur fareb ko na chore Allah ko is ki zarurat nahin hai.”

            In Ta’leemaat e munakashaf hota hai keh ebadaat ka aik ahm maqsad akhlaaq ka tazkiya bhi hai.

Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

            “Bilashubah woh emaan wale kaamiyab hote hain jo apni namaaz main khashu wa khazu karte hain aur jo layani baat par dhiyaan nahin karte aur jo zakat diya karte hain.”

(Surat monimnoon: Ayat 1 ta 4)

            “Aur jo apni amanato’n main khayanat nahin karte.”

(Surat monimnoon: Ayat 8)

            Jab Sufi in alfaaz ki ahmiyat par gor karta hai to is par yeh baat munakashaf hoti hai keh Raasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne ta’qurb ilahi aur dua ki qabuliyat ke behtareen moqah par bhi Allah Ta’lah se husn akhlaaq ke liye darkhuwast ki hai.

            Sufi yeh baat janta hai keh emaan main akhlaaq ki bari ahmiyat hai.

Hadees Shareef main hai:

“Musalman’on main kaamil emaan is ka hai jis ka akhlaaq sab se acha hai.”

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ne farmaya keh:

:husn akhlaaq se insaan woh darjah pa leta hai jo din bhar ke rozah rakhne aur raat ko shab bedaar rehne se haasil hota hai.”

 Seerat E Tayyabah Aur Sufiaa Karaam:

            Khankaahi nizaam main saalik ko pehla sabq yeh diya jata hai:

            “BA’ADAB BA’NASEEB, BE’ADAB BENASEEB”

            Saalkeen ko seerat e tayyabah ka har pehlu parhaya jata hai aur in par amal karne ki targeeb di jaati hai in ke zehn nasheen karaya jata hai keh:

Agar tumhain kisi se takleef pohnche to tum isse muaaaf kar do ha’lan keh tum ilaahi qanoon ke tehat badlah le sakte ho lekin muaaf karne se Allah khush hota hai.

Agar tum se kisi ko takleef pohnch jaaye. Woh ala zaat ho ya chhoti zaat main shumaar kiya jata ho, kamzor ho ya taqatwar ho tum is se muaafi maang lo.

Deen aur duniya ke muamlaat main tundhi ke sath puri koshish karo lekin natijah Allah par chhor do.

Qayaam ul salaat ka matlab hai Allah ke saath raabtah main rehna ya’ni Allah ko dekh kar ya Allah ko mehsoos kar ke is ki ebadat karna.

Jahan bhi raho Ilm deen ke saath Ilm duniya bhi seekho. Ta keh sha’oori istdaad main izafah ho aur is Ilmi istdaad se Allah ki makhlooq ko faidah pohnchaao.

Allah ki pasandeedah aadat makhlooq ki khidmat karna hai. Saalik ko chahiye keh bager garaz ke Allah ki makhlooq ki khidmat kare. Jab koi bandah makhlooq ki mukhlisaanah khidmat karta hai to isse Allah ki dosti ka sharaf haasil ho jata hai aur Allah ke dosto’n ko khof aur gham nahin hota.

Quran in logo’n ki rehnumaai karta hai jo mat’taqqi hain aur mat’taqqi woh log hain jo geb par emaan rakhte hain aur emaan mushaidah se mashroot hai.

Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam Allah ke mehboob hain. Allah Ta’lah apne mehboob se mohabbat karte hain. Jo log Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam se mohabbat karte hain Allah Ta’lah in ke darjaat buland karta hai. Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ke farastadah bande aur Rasool hain.Is zaat Mubarak Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam se mohabat karna har insaan par farz hai.

Oliya Allah Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki nisbat se Allah ke dost hain. Jab koi bandah allah ke dost se dosti nibhata hai aur in ki qadar o manzalat karta hai to aise bando’n par rehmat ki barish barasti hai.

 Ma’ba’d Ul Ta’baee Asaas:

           Insaan jis jismani wajood se is duniya main chalta, phirta, khata, peeta hai aur doosre mashagal main masroof rehta hai woh faani hai. Har insaan ki asal is ki rooh hai.

            Rooh ka idraak hone se insaan apni asal se waqif ho jata hai aur apni asal se waaqfiyat hi Irfan e ilahi ka waseelah hai.

Irshaad e baari ta’lah hai:

            Neki yeh nahin keh tum namaz main apna moonh mashriq (Bet ul muqadas) maghrib (Khana kabah) ki tarf karo balkeh asal neki yeh hai keh Allah par, Qayamat par, Farishto’n par aur peghambaro’n par emaan laaye aur khuawish ke bawajood Allah ki mohabbat main apna maal, rishte daaro’n, yateemo’n , gareebo’n, musaafiro’n maangne waalo’n aur gulaamo’n ko aazaad karaane main kharch kare, namaaz ada karta rahe, zakat deta rahe aur jo wadah kare apne wade ko pura karta rahe aur jo museebat , takleef aur pareshaani main saabat qadam rehte hain yehi woh log hain jo raasat baaz hain aur yehi taqwa hai.”

            (Surat Al-baqrah: Ayat-177)

            Ayat ki tafheem yeh hai keh raasatbaazi aur taqwa ka pehla natijah jis tarah emaan hai is hi tarah dusra laazimi natijah behtareen osaaf, fayaazi, efaaye ehad aur sabar o sabaat wgerah hain.

            Allah Ta’lah farmate hain:

            “Aur Reham wale Allah ke bande woh hain jo zameen par dabbe paao’n chalet hain aur jab na’samajh log in se baat Karen to woh salaam kahen aur jo apne parwardigaar ki ebadat ki khaatir qayaam aur sajde main raat guzaarte hain aur jo kehete hain keh hamara parwardigaar ham se jahanum ka azaab door kar keh is ka azaab bara tawaan hai aur jahanum bura thikanah aur maqam hai aur jo kharach karte hain woh fazool na kharch Karen aur na tangi Karen balkeh in dono ke darmiyaan aur jo Allah ke sath kisi aur ko nahin pukarte aur jo kisi jaan ka be gunah khoon nahin karte, jis ko Allah ne mana kiya hai aur na badkaari karte hain aur jo aisa kare ga woh gunah se pewast hoga.”

            (Surat furqaan: Ayat- 62 ta 63)

Momin Ke Akhlaaqi Osaaf:

        Allah Ta’lah Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam ki zubani ahel e emaan ( Ya’ni sahib e mushahidah khawateen o hazraat) ke akhlaaqi osaf is tarah biyan karte hain:

            Aur woh parwardigaar par bharosah rakhte hain aur bare bare gunaho’n aur behayaai ke kaamo’n se parhaiz karte hain aur jo gusse ki haalat main muaaf karte hain aur apne parwardigaar ki pukaar ka jawab dete hain ( ya’ni Allah in se ham’kalaam hota hai) namaaz qaaim karte hain ( ya’ni in ka Allah se rabtah hota hai) aur in ke kaam ba’ham mashwarah se hote hain aur ham ne in ko jo diya hai is main se kuch khuda ki raah main dete hain aur jo in par charaai ho to woh badlah lete hain aur buraai ka badlah wese hi buraai hai to jo koi muaaf kare aur neki kare to is ka darjah Allah ke zimah hai, woh zulam karne walo’n ko piyaar nahin karta. Agar mazloom ho kar badlah le to is par koi malamat nahin, malamat to in par hai jo logo’n par az khud zulam karte hain aur zameen main na’haq fasaad karte hain in ke liye bara dardnaak azaab hai, bilashubah jo mazloom hone par bhi zaalim ko muaaf kar de aur sakhti she le to yeh himmat ke kaam hain.”

            (Surat Al’shora: ayat 36 ta 43)

            “Jannat in parhezgaaro’n ke liye tayyar ki gayi jo khushi aur takleef dono haalato’n main allah ke liye kharch karte hain aur jo gusse ko dabate hain aur logo’n ko muaaf kar dete hain. Allah acha kaam karne walo’n ko piyaar karta hai.”

            (Surat Al’Imran – Ayat: 14)

            “Yeh woh hain jin ko duhra ajar mile ga, is liye keh unho’n ne sabar kiya aur woh buraai ko bhalaaai se door karte hain aur jo ham ne diya hai is main se khuda ki raah main kharch karte hain aur jab koi behodah baat sunte hain, is se kinarah kasha ikhtiyaar kar lete hain, kehe dete hain keh hamare liye hamara amal aur tumhare liye tumhara amal hai, tum salamat raho ham na samjho’n ko nahin chahte.”

            (Surat Al’qasas : Ayat 54 ta 56)

            “Aur khaane ki khud zarurat hote hue maskeen, yateem aur qedi ko khila dete hain.”        (Surat Dahar : Ayat 8)

            Rasool Allah Sal’lallaho Al’lehi Wa’Aalehi Wa’sal’lam namaaz main jo dua maangte the is main yeh jumlah bhi hota tha:

            “Ae mere Allah! Mujh ko behter se behter akhlaaq ki rehnumaai kar, tere siwa koi behter se behter akhlaaq ki raah nahin dikha sakta aur bure akhlaaq ko mujh se phira de aur in ko nahin pher sakta lekin tu.”